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Turnbull China Bikeride - Disc 1.iso
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IMAGE_1-.SPK
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!Image
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P17
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1994-08-15
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The Kernel Operation Control Window
-----------------------------------
The Kernel Operation Control Window allows you to create and perform
kernel operations (see 'Kernels' for a description of a kernel
operation).
On the left of the window is an area for displaying the current kernel
operation. It contains the name of the current kernel at the top, and
below this are nine icons (arranged in a 3x3 grid) which contain the
kernel mask.
Below the mask are two further icons, one for the multiplier and one
for the divider. To the right of these is an icon marked 'Auto' which
(as described in 'Kernels') automatically sets the multiplier and
divider values to produce an operation which maintains overall intensity.
On the top right of the window is a scrollable list of all kernel
operations known to Image. If you select any of the listed names, the
kernel operation is copied into the display icons on the left of the
window.
Below this list are icons marked 'Create' and 'Save'. These icons
allow add new kernel operations to the list, and also save them for
future use.
When you select the 'Create' icon the current kernel operation (as
defined on the left hand side of the window) is added to the list of
operations (unless it already exists, in which case it is updated).
Selecting 'Save' will save the whole list so that the list of kernels
will be preserved when you quit 'Image'.
Finally to the left of the 'Create' and 'Save' icons is an icon marked
'Run'. This icon, when selected, makes Image take the current mask
operation and perform it on the input image bank, placing the output
in the output image bank (and displaying the result).
Notes:
The nine kernel mask positions can accept values between -255 and 255.
The central mask value can also be proceeded be either '<' or '>' (see
'Kernels' for the meaning of these options) in which case the value
following should be a value between 0 and 255. Only whole numbers are
allowed.
The multiplier and divider values can be any value from -255 to 255 -
note the value 0 as a multiplier will produce a meaningless operation,
and a divider of 0 will not be accepted (a value of 1 will be used
instead).
The outside pixels of an image will not be affected by a kernel
operation, this is due to the fact that these pixels don't have enough
neighbours. Also masked areas of an image will be preserved during a
kernel operation.
You can not permanently alter the default kernel definitions from within Image
(the 'Save' operation only saves user defined kernels). In fact there are two
files used to store kernels, one supplied with Image (in the resources
directory within the Image application) and a user defined file which is
located inside Image's 'Working' directory. Both files are called 'Kernels'
and can be edited by the user if they require (this is currently the only way
to delete kernels, or alter the supplied kernels).
The Kernel File format
----------------------
If you feel the need to edit the internal kernel files the format is as
follows. The file is a text file containing one definition per text line.
Each definition is made up of a name followed by 11 values (all separated by
commas). The first nine values are the values of the kernel positions
(starting top left and moving horizontally along the 3 rows), these are then
followed by the divider value and finally the multiplier.
The 'Fuzzy Wuzzy' Feature
-------------------------
If you click on the toggle window size icon on the Kernel Control Window's
title bar the window will expand to show the 'Fuzzy Wuzzy' function control
options.
The Fuzzy Wuzzy operation takes a source image and produces a result image
where a set proportion of pixels have not been taken from the same location
in the source image, but from a random position from an area around the
source location.
The result of this operation will be a fuzzy picture. The options available
are x and y values which define the area around the pixel to take the random
pixel from (a value of 4 means that the pixel can come from any 4 either side
of the pixel location).
The other value is a percentage, which defines the proportion of pixels to
get randomly, a value of 100 means all pixels will come from random
locations, a value of 0 will mean none.
The 'Outlines' Feature
----------------------
The outlines feature is located below the 'Fuzzy Wuzzy' feature (see above)
and provides a simple way of locating all edges within a picture. As an
operation is makes no changes to the image, it simply creates a mask
(ignoring completely any existing mask) where pixels that are on an edge are
left unmasked, all other pixels are masked out.
This operation takes a single parameter (value) which dictates the
sensitivity of the operation which locates pixels which appear to be on the
edge of an object.
The value defines an intensity threshold whereby a pixel in a source image is
masked out if that pixel's neighbours intensities are similar to the pixel in
question's intensity.
By supplying a positive threshold the brighter pixels at an edge boundary
will be left unmasked; a negative threshold will make the darker pixels be
the ones left unmasked. Thus to locate the edges of an item which is brighter
than its background use a positive value.
The supplied value should be between -255 and 255 (the nearer the value is to
zero the more of the image will be left unmasked).